Explain the term 'short circuit.'

The term 'short circuit' is defined as a low-resistance connection that allows excess current to flow, often causing damage. This occurs when the electrical current takes an unintended path with little to no resistance, frequently bypassing the intended load. In many cases, a short circuit leads to an overwhelming amount of current that can produce excessive heat, potentially resulting in equipment damage, fires, or appliance failures.

This phenomenon often happens when wires become frayed or insulation is damaged, making contact with other conductive materials. Understanding short circuits is critical for implementing safety measures, such as circuit breakers and fuses, which are designed to interrupt the current flow when excessive current is detected. This helps protect both the electrical system and connected devices from damage caused by these hazardous conditions.