How does a voltage surge affect electrical appliances?

A voltage surge typically results in an unexpected increase in electrical voltage, which can significantly impact electrical appliances. The correct choice highlights that such surges can cause overheating due to excessive current flowing through components designed for specific voltage levels. This overheating may lead to a failure of sensitive parts, such as circuit boards or power supplies, and can result in permanent damage beyond repair.

Furthermore, appliances are built to operate safely within a certain voltage range. When that range is exceeded, the components may also experience stress that they were not designed to handle, leading to malfunction or complete failure. In serious cases, a voltage surge can even pose safety hazards, such as electrical fires or shocks.

Other options suggest beneficial outcomes of a voltage surge, which do not reflect the reality of the impact on electrical devices. The statement implying increased energy efficiency or improved performance contradicts the primary nature of a surge, which typically disrupts normal operation rather than enhances it. Similarly, claiming that it has no significant impact overlooks the severe risks associated with surges, making the correct response not only accurate but crucial for understanding the potential threats to appliance integrity.