What do surge protectors primarily guard against?

Surge protectors primarily guard against voltage spikes, which are sudden increases in voltage that can occur in an electrical system. These spikes can be caused by various factors such as lightning strikes, power outages, or the operation of heavy electrical equipment. When a voltage spike occurs, it can damage electronic devices and appliances by overwhelming their circuits.

Surge protectors work by diverting excess voltage away from the connected devices, usually through a component known as a Metal Oxide Varistor (MOV) or similar technology. By clamping down the voltage to a safe level, surge protectors help ensure that plugged-in devices are not exposed to damaging voltage levels, thereby prolonging their lifespan and preserving their functionality. This protection is crucial for sensitive electronics, such as computers and home entertainment systems, which can be particularly vulnerable to sudden voltage changes.